比丘尼近南法師 2024年11月7日講於萬佛聖城大殿
今天和大家分享一些《禪門宗風》裡的公案，看看是否對月底的禪修（禪三）有所幫助。這些公案都是記錄禪宗大師、同道大師和弟子們之間的對話。
I’d like to take this opportunity to share some stories from “The Style and Tradition of the Chan School” with everyone, and I hope they might be helpful for you during the 3-day Chan session later this month. These stories are the records of dialogues between Chan masters, fellow masters and their disciples.
〖法眼文益法師〗
法眼文益，浙江餘杭人，俗姓魯，是法眼宗的創始人。
幼時便出家，跟隨希覺律師學法，後來嗣法於羅漢桂琛禪師，後住持金陵清涼院。
Dharma Master Wen Yi of the Fa Yan School
DM Wen Yi of Fa Yan, a native of Yu Hang, Zhejiang, with the last name “Lu,” was the founder of the Fayan Chan school. He left the home life at a very young age and studied the Dharma under Vinaya Master Xi Jue (希覺). Later, he received the Dharma transmission from Chan Master Gui Chen and subsequently became the abbot of Qing Liang Monastery in Jin Ling (today’s Nanjing).
文益法師到福州參謁長慶慧棱禪師，未能徹底明瞭。後來，便和紹修法師、法進法師三人打算走出嶺外，路過地藏院，被大雪阻住去路，只得稍作停歇。
DM Wen Yi traveled to Fuzhou to pay respects to Chan Master Hui Leng, but he was unable to fully comprehend the teachings. Later, he, along with DM Shao Xiu and DM Fa Jin, planned to travel down the mountains. However, they were stopped by heavy snow when passing by Earth Store Monastery and had no choice but to rest for a while.
圍爐烤火時，羅漢桂琛禪師問：「你們打算到哪裡去？」
文益法師說：「行腳去。」
While sitting around the fire to warm themselves, Chan Master Gui Chen asked, “Where are you planning to go?”
DM Wen Yi replied, “I am going on a pilgrimage.”
雪停之後，文益法師前來告辭，桂琛禪師把他送到了寺門口，說道：「你平時常說『三界由心生，萬物因識起。』」
就指著院中的一塊石頭說：「你且說說，這塊石頭是在心內，還是在心外？」
After the snow stopped, DM Wen Yi came to bid farewell. Chan Master Gui Chen sent him off till the monastery gate and said, “You often say, ‘The three realms arise from the mind, and all things come into being through consciousness.'”
He then pointed to a stone in the courtyard and asked, “Tell me, is this stone inside or outside the mind?”
文益法師說：「在心內。」
DM Wen Yi replied, “It is inside the mind.”
桂琛禪師說：「一個四處行腳的出家人，為什麼要在心裡頭安放一塊大石頭呢？」
文益法師被窘，一時語塞，無法回答，便放下包裹，留在地藏院，向羅漢桂琛禪師請教難題。
Chan Master Gui Chen said, “As a wandering monk who roams from place to place—why would he place a large stone inside his mind?”
DM Wen Yi was embarrassed and rendered speechless, unable to answer. He then put down his bag and decided to stay at Earth Store Monastery, seeking Chan Master Gui Chen’s guidance and teachings.
一個多月中，文益法師每次呈上心得，桂琛禪師都對他的見解予以否定。直到文益法師理盡辭窮，羅漢桂琛禪師才告訴他：「若論佛法，一切現成。」 這一句話，使文益法師恍然大悟。
For over a month, whenever DM Wen Yi presented his insights, Chan Master Gui Chen would always refute them. It wasn’t until DM Wen Yi had exhausted all his reasoning and could no longer respond that Chan Master Gui Chen finally told him, “As for the Dharma, everything is already complete.” These words enabled DM Wen Yi to obtain sudden enlightenment.
第一義
有人問：「什麼是第一義？」
文益法師說：「我如果告訴你，就是第二義。」
Someone asked, “What is the ultimate truth?”
DM Wen Yi replied, “If I tell you, it will be the second truth.”
〖南陽慧忠〗
南陽慧忠禪師在慧能祖師處印證後，即到南陽的白崖山上度過了四十餘年，從未離過山。西元 761 年，唐肅宗邀請他到京城，尊為國師。
Dharma Master Hui Zhong of Nan Yang
After Chan Master Hui Zhong of Nanyang received confirmation from Patriarch Hui Neng, he went to Mount Bai Ya in Nanyang, where he spent more than forty years without ever leaving the mountain. In the year 761, Emperor Su Zong invited him to the capital and honored him as the National Master.
在一次法會上，肅宗帝向慧忠禪師問了許多問題，他卻不看肅宗皇帝一眼。
肅宗帝大怒，說道：「無論如何，我是大唐的天子，你居然不看我一眼？」
慧忠禪師：「皇上可曾看到虛空？」
肅宗帝：「看到了。」
慧忠禪師：「那麼請問虛空可曾對你眨過眼？」
At a Dharma assembly, Emperor Su Zong asked him many questions, but he didn’t even glance at the emperor.
Emperor Su Zong became very angry and said, “No matter what, I am the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty. How dare you not even look at me?”
Chan Master Hui Zhong replied, “Your Majesty, have you ever seen empty space?”
The emperor said, “Yes.”
Chan Master Hui Zhong said, “Then, may I ask, has the empty space ever winked at you?”
〖雲門文偃〗
雲門文偃禪師，俗姓張，浙江嘉興人。他天資敏捷，博通佛經，曾參謁睦州道明禪師而得悟。之後，文偃禪師也參拜了雪峰義存禪師而契合玄旨。日後住持廣東雲門山，創建了赫赫有名的雲門宗。
Dharma Master Wen Yan of Yun Men
Chan Master Wenyan, whose lay last name was Zhang, and he was from Jia Xing, Zhejiang. He was known for his intelligence and profound knowledge of the Buddhist sutras. He once visited Chan Master Dao Ming of Mu Zhou, where he attained enlightenment. Chan Master Wen Yan also paid a visit to Chan Master Yi Cun, where he realized the profound meaning of the teachings. Later, he became the abbot of Yun Men Mountain in Guangdong and established the well-known Yun Men Chan school.
雲門文偃初次參謁睦州禪師時，睦州禪師一看見文偃禪師來了，就關上門。
雲門文偃敲門，睦州問：「誰？」
答：「文偃。」
問：「幹什麼？」
答：「我還沒有悟見自性，請師指示。」
When Chan Master Wen Yan first visited Chan Master Mu Zhou, Chan Master Mu Zhou immediately closed the door upon seeing him.
Chan Master Wen Yan knocked on the door, and Chan Master Mu Zhou asked, “Who is it?”
He replied, “It’s Wenyan.”
Chan Master Mu Zhou asked, “What do you want?”
Chan Master Wen Yan replied, “I have not yet realized my true nature. Please, Master, offer your guidance.”
睦州禪師打開門，看了他一眼，就又馬上把門關上了。
文偃禪師就這樣連敲了三天門。到了第三天，睦州禪師才打開門，文偃禪師就趕緊擠了進去。
睦州禪師一把揪住他說：「快說！快說！」
文偃禪師一遲疑，睦州禪師便一把把他推了出去，狠狠地關上門。
門夾住了文偃禪師的一隻腳，在疼痛難忍的一刹那，文偃禪師就悟道了。
Chan Master Mu Zhou opened the door, glanced at him, and immediately closed it again.
Chan Master Wen Yan then continued knocking on the door for three days. On the third day, Chan Master Mu Zhou finally opened the door, and Chan Master Wen Yan quickly pushed his way inside.
Chan Master Mu Zhou grabbed him and said, “Speak quickly! Speak quickly!”
When Chan Master Wen Yan hesitated, Chan Master Mu Zhou pushed him out and slammed the door shut. The door caught Chan Master Yun Men’s foot, and in the unbearable pain of that moment, Chan Master Mu Zhou suddenly attained realization.
有一次，文偃禪師問僧徒：「我不問你們十五月圓以前如何，我只問十五日以後如何？」
僧徒答：「不知道。」
文偃禪師：「日日是好日。」
偈曰：
春有百花秋有月，夏有涼風冬有雪。
若無閒事掛心頭，便是人間好時節。
One time, Chan Master Wenyan asked his monastic disciples, “I don’t ask how things are before the fifteenth day of the month; I will only ask, how are things after the fifteenth day?”
The disciples replied, “We don’t know.”
Chan Master Wenyan said, “Every day is an auspicious day.”
The verse goes:
There are hundred flowers in the Spring, there is the moon in the autumn,
There are cool breezes in the summer, and there is snow in the winter.
If there are no idle thoughts weighing on your mind,
Then every season is the best of times.
〖趙州從諗〗
趙州觀音院從諗禪師，南泉普院禪師法嗣，世稱“趙州和尚”，道行高潔，有“古佛”之稱。唐代曹州人，俗姓郝。從小出家，未受戒便抵達池陽，參見南泉禪師，後於言下悟理，乃往嵩山琉璃壇受具足戒，之後又親近南泉禪師。八十歲左右，眾僧請趙州和尚住持趙州觀音院，他以深湛的智慧，恢諧幽默的語言，引導了一代學人。法師一百二十歲圓寂。
Chan Master Cong Shen of Zhaozhou
Chan Master Cong Shen of the Guanyin Monastery of Zhao Zhou, a dharma heir of Chan Master Nan Quan Pu Yuan, was commonly known as “DM Zhaozhou.” He was renowned for his profound character and was referred to as an “Ancient Buddha.” A native of Cao Zhou, he was born into the Hao family. He left the home life at an early age and, before receiving ordination, traveled to Chi Yang to meet Chan Master Nan Quan. Under Chan Master Nan Quan’s teachings, he gained understanding of the principles and later went to Mount Song to receive the full ordination. He then continued to study under Chan Master Nan Quan. Around the age of eighty, the monks requested that DM Zhaozhou become the abbot of the Guanyin Monastery in Zhaozhou. With his deep and profound wisdom, he used humorous words to guide a whole generation of students. He entered nirvana at the age of 120.
平常心是道
趙州和尚問南泉禪師：「什麼是道？」
南泉禪師回答：「平常心是道。」
趙州和尚：「是否有目標可循？」
南泉禪師說：「有目標就錯了。」
趙州和尚：「沒有目標可循，又怎麼知道是道呢？」
南泉說：「道不屬於知的範疇。知是一種妄覺，不知則是沒有智慧。得道之人虛懷若谷，無滯無礙。」
趙州從諗當即明白了大道。
The Ordinary Mind is the Way
DM Zhaozhou asked Chan Master Nan Quan, “What is the Way?” Chan Master Nan Quan replied, “The ordinary mind is the Way.” DM Zhaozhou asked, “Is there a target to follow?” Chan Master Nan Quan said, “If there is a target, then it won’t be right.” DM Zhaozhou asked, “Without a goal to follow, how can we know it is the Way?” Chan Master Nan Quan replied, “The Way does not belong to knowing. Knowledge is a kind of delusory perception, while not knowing is the same as not having wisdom. A person who has realized the Way is humble and open, without obstruction or any hindrance.” At that moment, DM Zhaozhou immediately understood the great Way.
塵埃
有一天，趙州和尚在佛堂前掃地，有僧人問：「你是得道高僧了，怎麼還掃地？」
趙州和尚回答：「塵埃是從外面飛來的。」
那僧人又問：「這裡是清淨聖地，怎麼會有塵埃？」
趙州和尚說道：「瞧，又飛進來了一個塵埃。」
Dust
One day, DM Zhaozhou was sweeping the floor in front of the Buddha Hall. A monk asked, “You are already an enlightened master, why are you still sweeping the floor?” DM Zhaozhou replied, “The dust flies in from outside.” The monk said, “This is a pure and sacred place. How can there be any dust?” DM Zhaozhou said, “See? Here comes another speck of dust.”
〖龍潭崇信〗
龍潭崇信禪師是天皇道悟禪師的學生，龍潭禪師出身貧窮，出家前是以賣燒餅為生。
道悟禪師把廟旁的小屋借給他住，為了表示感激，他每天都送去十塊燒餅給道悟禪師。
Chan Master Chongxin of Longtan
Chan Master Chong Xin of Long Tan was a disciple of Chan Master Dao Wu. Born into poverty, before becoming a monk, Master Chong Xin earned a living by selling baked rolls. Chan Master Dao Wu kindly allowed him to live in a small hut beside the temple. To show his gratitude, Chan Master Long Tan would send ten baked rolls to Chan Master Dao Wu every day.
每當道悟禪師收了燒餅，都總會剩下一塊餅給龍潭禪師。並說道：「這是我送給你的，以保佑你的子孫。」每天都如此，並將此行為視為常規。經過幾年後，某日，龍潭禪師忽然才反應過來，發現這件事，不解地問：「我送給您的餅，為什麼您又送還給我呢？」
道悟禪師回答說：「是你送來的，我又還給你，這有什麼不對嗎？」
龍潭禪師若有所悟，問：「弟子浮生擾擾，畢竟如何？」
道悟禪師說道：「在家牢獄逼迮，出家逍遙寬廣。」
於是龍潭禪師決心出家，便在道悟師禪師座下剃度。
Whenever Chan Master Dao Wu received the baked rolls, he would always keep one aside and give it back to Chan Master Long Tan, saying, “This is for you, to bless your children.” This became a daily routine. After several years, one day, Chan Master Long Tan suddenly realized this and, very puzzled, he asked, “I send you the baked rolls, so why do you always give one back to me?” Chan Master Dao Wu replied, “You sent it to me, and I am simply returning it to you. What’s wrong with that?” Upon hearing this, Chan Master Long Tan seemed to have some insight and asked, “My life is chaotic and disturbed; what ultimately should I do?” Chan Master Dao Wu replied, “At home, you’re confined by prison walls; as a monastic, you are free and unburdened.” Therefore, Chan Master Long Tan made a firm decision to leave home and study under Chan Master Dao Wu.
今天在看這些公案，準備結法緣的時候，我就有一個感想，我就說反省自己吧。 其實很多時候，我們自己的內心很容易嘀嘀咕咕很多事情。祖師常常都會用很多方法來提醒我們，是不是很多時候我們的思慮過多呢？其實很多事情沒有那麼複雜。很多時候，我們好像有這種過度思維，或者判斷很多事情，我們會對人有過度的反應。人家說的一些話，做的事，我們就會受到這種情緒的影響。
Today, while reading these stories and preparing for tonight’s talk, I had a thought: I would reflect on myself. Actually, many times our minds are easily filled with numerous concerns. The patriarchs often use various methods to remind us—aren’t we often overthinking? Many things are not that complicated. Often, we seem to overthink or judge many things excessively, leading to overreactions towards others. We are easily affected by the words and the actions of others.
還有一種情況就是，我們會很難放下過去的經歷。 比如說，如果我們常常回顧我們過往的很多經歷，沈湎在一些我們感到自豪或者受傷的事情，沒有辦法從中解脫，這種執著就變得很強。
Another scenario is that we frequently dwell on our past experiences, especially those that make us feel either very proud or very hurt, and then we are stuck in all these emotions and past memories, and unable to free ourselves. So we have a very strong attachment to our past experiences.
所以希望我們可以透過這些公案，祖師的提醒，學習放下，不要被這麼多這些情緒影響我們。阿彌陀佛！
Finally, I hope that all these stories will help us remind ourselves that we need to let go of a lot of things, and don’t let all these emotions and external things to influence us. Amituofo!